1. Introduction to Co Phuong Cave
1.1 Geographical location and meaning of the name
Co Phuong Cave is located in Sai village, Phu Le commune, about 24 km northwest of the district center. This relic belongs to the Po Ha mountain range, one of the overlapping mountain ranges in the western Thanh Hoa region.
Co Phuong Cave is located in Phu Le commune. (Source: Compiled)
The name "Co Phuong" clearly reflects the diverse culture of the ethnic communities here. According to the Thai people, the cave is also known as "Star Fruit Tree Cave". The word "Co" in the Thai language relates to this type of tree. The difference in names reflects the cultural exchange of ethnic groups who have long been associated with the Quan Hoa region, where every valley and stream is linked to community life.
Furthermore, in some historical documents, the cave is recorded as "hang Co Phuong", however, the most common name remains Co Phuong Cave as it is today.
1.2 History of Formation and Monument Value
During the resistance war against the French, Co Phuong Cave served as an important stop on Route 15A. This area was considered a vital artery connecting the Northwest to major battlefields. The cave was a shelter, a transit point for food supplies, and a resting place for transport forces serving major campaigns such as Upper Laos and Dien Bien Phu.
The strategic position of Co Phuong Cave became even more evident when Route 15A was under the control of French air power. The Co Luong post in Hoa Binh was frequently the starting point for fierce raids by the French to disrupt this transport route.
1.3 Recognition as a National Monument and Cultural Value
The journey of recognizing the value of Co Phuong Cave has passed through many milestones. In 2012, the Thanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee recognized Co Phuong Cave as a provincial-level revolutionary historical site. By 2019, the historical site of Co Phuong Cave officially became a national monument, affirming its significant importance to the nation's history.
Hang Co Phuong was recognized as a national monument in 2019. (Source: Collected)
Hang Co Phuong has become a prominent traditional education destination, where young generations come to learn and feel the revolutionary spirit of the army and people of Thanh Hoa. The story of 11 laborers who sacrificed here helps to awaken national pride and the awareness of cherishing peace today.
On major holidays, the government and people of Phu Le commune and the locality organize incense offerings and memorial ceremonies to commemorate the merits of the martyrs. These ceremonies are not only occasions for gratitude but also contribute to community bonding and inspire patriotism in future generations.
2. Directions to Hang Co Phuong
2.1 Traveling from Hanoi to Hang Co Phuong
Starting from Hanoi, visitors can choose various means of transport to reach Hang Co Phuong . The most popular route is to follow National Highway 1A to the center of Thanh Hoa, then continue on National Highway 15 to Phu Le commune.
If traveling by bus, visitors can go from Hanoi to the center of Thanh Hoa and then use local transport to Quan Hoa district. The total travel time is about 5-6 hours, depending on the means of transport and traffic conditions. Those who want to be proactive about their time can rent a private car or use their own vehicle, especially for the section from Phu Le commune to Hang Co Phuong which will be more convenient.
2.2 How to get from Phu Le commune center to Sai village
From the center of Phu Le commune to Hang Co Phuong is a distance of about 18 km, passing through mountainous roads with many curves and slopes. This is an interesting journey but requires thorough preparation.
Motorcycles or cars capable of traveling on rough terrain are the most suitable choices for this section of the road. The entrance to Hang Co Phuong is quite narrow, with some rocky and muddy sections, especially during the rainy season when the road can be slippery. Therefore, visitors should have experience driving on mountain roads and should start early in the morning to avoid traveling in the dark.
For first-time visitors to Hang Co Phuong , hiring a local guide will make the trip safer and more enjoyable. They not only guide the way but also share many historical stories about the relic. Besides, some travel companies in Thanh Hoa also offer package tours to Hang Co Phuong , providing convenience and peace of mind for visitors exploring the area.
3. Outstanding Experiences at Hang Co Phuong
3.1. Geological Space and Natural Architecture of Hang Co Phuong
The space of Hang Co Phuong has a special geological structure, with an area of about 20 m² and a cave ceiling nearly 4 m high. The cave was formed by large limestone blocks stacked naturally, creating a space that is both secluded and spacious, suitable as a shelter and storage for supplies during wartime.
Entrance to Co Phuong Cave. (Source: Collected)
Located on the Po Ha mountain range, Co Phuong Cave is surrounded by the characteristic rolling mountains of Thanh Hoa province. Lush vegetation covers the mountainsides, creating a vibrant natural landscape. From the cave's location, looking out over the Sai village valley, visitors can admire the winding terraced fields and the clear stream meandering through the mountains and forests.
3.2. Historical Events and the Story of 11 Militia Soldiers on the Supply Line
The story of 11 militia soldiers who sacrificed their lives at Co Phuong Cave is a heroic and moving chapter of the resistance against the French. Standing before the cave, everyone feels as if they are reliving historical days, when each transport of food and weapons was considered the lifeline for the battlefield.
Bomb remnants are preserved at the historical site
On April 2, 1953, squad 13 of frontline logistics workers from Thieu Nguyen commune undertook the mission of transporting food to the frontline. They chose Co Phuong cave as a resting point before continuing their arduous journey. At that time, the cave served as both a shelter and an important assembly point for transport teams.
Around 3 PM, the sound of enemy aircraft echoed in the sky, signaling approaching danger. Three French aircraft swooped down, dropping three bombs on the Co Phuong valley. Ms. Le Thi Ngot, the sole survivor, recounted the deafening sounds and the cries of her comrades. Fortunately, she managed to run out of the cave before a large rock collapsed.
Mrs. Le Thi Ngot offered incense to her comrades at the relic site. (Source: Collected)
Fierce explosions echoed throughout the valley, large rocks fell down the cave entrance, turning this place into a mass grave of 11 frontline militia workers. In the following days, the people and soldiers worked hard to rescue, drilling small holes to send water and food inside with a faint hope. Initially, echoes could still be heard from inside, but then all sounds gradually faded away.
3.3. Annual Commemoration Ceremony and Gratitude Tradition
On major holidays such as July 27th or April 2nd, Co Phuong Cave becomes the venue for solemn commemoration activities. Thanh Hoa province and local people regularly organize incense-offering ceremonies, expressing their deep respect for the 11 fallen frontline militia workers.
The atmosphere of the commemoration ceremony is always solemn and moving. The families of the martyrs, government representatives, students, and people from many places come to attend, lay flowers, and offer incense at the relic site. The speeches and stories about the sacrifices of the heroes always touch the emotions of many people.
Leaders of Thanh Hoa offer incense at Co Phuong Cave. (Source: Collected)
he participation of the younger generation in memorial ceremonies helps preserve and pass on traditional values, while educating them about gratitude and responsibility toward their homeland and country. It is also an opportunity for them to better understand the silent sacrifices that contributed to the peace enjoyed today.
Memorial activities at Co Phuong Cave also help strengthen community bonds and reinforce awareness of preserving and protecting valuable historical sites for future generations.
To ensure a safe and fulfilling journey to Co Phuong Cave, the following tips will help visitors prepare more thoroughly before departure.
- It is recommended to wear sneakers or hiking shoes with good grip to ensure safety when moving across steep and rocky terrain.
- Visitors should wear comfortable yet respectful clothing when visiting the historical site and offering incense.
- Bringing a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses is advisable to avoid strong sunlight, especially on hot days.
- A respectful and solemn attitude should be maintained inside the cave area, as this is the resting place of fallen soldiers. Visitors should avoid making loud noises and show proper respect.
- Fresh flowers or incense can be prepared if you wish to make offerings and express your sincerity during the visit.
- Visitors should help protect the environment by collecting all trash and disposing of it in designated areas, keeping the cave clean, peaceful, and well-preserved.
5. Suggested Attractions to Combine When Visiting Thanh Hoa
5.1. Ban Hang / Nearby Thai Villages
The Thai ethnic villages surrounding Co Phuong Cave offer many fascinating local cultural experiences. This is an opportunity for visitors to learn about the lifestyle and customs of the Thai community, which has a long history in Thanh Hoa.
Traditional stilt houses with unique architecture and nature-friendly living spaces are among the highlights. Visitors can observe traditional brocade weaving, bamboo and rattan handicrafts, and enjoy authentic Thai ethnic cuisine.
5.2. Na Meo International Border Gate and Na Meo Market
Na Meo International Border Gate, located on the border between Vietnam and Laos, is an attractive destination for travelers who wish to experience borderland culture.
The Na Meo market, held periodically, attracts local people from both countries, creating a lively trading atmosphere rich in cultural identity.
Na Meo International Border Gate connects with friendly country Laos. (Source: Collected)
Here, tourists will have the opportunity to shop for handicrafts, spices, and specialty foods of the border region. The friendly exchange atmosphere between residents of the two countries leaves many impressions about the friendship between Vietnam and Laos.
5.3. Nui Nua - Am Tien
Nui Nua is one of the important spiritual - historical landmarks of Thanh Hoa, associated with many legends and ancient traces of the Trieu Thi Trinh uprising. The relic is considered by the people as a sacred land with majestic mountainous scenery and a tranquil space.
The Am Tien Legend project is highly anticipated in Thanh Hoa. (Source: Collected)
Currently, the Am Tien Legend project is being implemented, aiming to preserve and promote the cultural and religious values of the area. At the same time, it aims to form a large-scale spiritual and ecological tourism complex in the future.
Co Phuong Cave is a symbol of patriotism and emotional sacrifice. The journey to explore this national relic will bring visitors a profound experience of history, nature, and traditional culture. Don't forget to plan a visit to Co Phuong Cave in 2026 to fully appreciate the sacred and meaningful values that this place preserves.
